Computer can Invent Independently

Author: Alexander Anatotyvich Shmonov

Abstract:

Methods of invention through which three programmers can easily write such programs (for a computer) through which the computer can devise many inventions without any assistance of human being. The first method of invention consists of random conclusions out of conditional propositions and the second method of invention consists of creation of OR-subtasks using conditional propositions.

The author believes that a computer can be programmed to invent independently without any help or participation of any human being. The author presents a number of methods of invention which may be fed to a computer to invent independently as a human being.

The author believes that, in about 50 years, any person will presumably be able not to work and get a good allowance which will be generally more than an allowance sufficient for a man to satisfy his/her wants throughout his/her life (page 92). This is a complete book of 96 pages. This book is a translation of the original Russian work by the author.

Keywords: innovation, invention, automatic invention, computer-based invention,

This paper is also available at www.55255.ru. You may check www.method.ru for more details on the project. 

An example of Airbag used in Car Safety

Author: Gennady Kizevich

Abstract:

Traditional airbag systems can save lives, but can injure or even kill. The reason is explosive deployment and excessive action. Gas generators of airbag stuffed with so-called “low-energy” explosive which activated by an electric detonator. If this protective system working correctly and occupants are wear seatbelts, it really helps, but sometimes it kills. The ideal Airbag should contains a minimum number of absolutely reliable components for perform the same functions and use "free" or excessive resources of existing system, supersystem and/or environment.

Principles of Survival - A theory of Every Day Creativity

Author: Gennady Kizevich

Abstract:

This book is for those who desire to come in touch with the secrets of creativity, who look at nature and people with surprise and have a sense of humor. 
Serious readers will find principles allowing to understand reality and to foresee development. They will get acquainted with tactics of inventors, businessmen and lawyers. There is a key to solutions of serious organizational, technical and vital problems in this book.  You will make sure that any activity gives an opportunity to invent. This is a natural quality of every creative person. 
To live merrily means to invent. The excitement from the first invention can be compared with the feeling of love or a flight in a dream. To learn invent is easy, interesting and never late.

Evolution of User Interfaces for the Visually Impaired

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

Physically or mentally challenged people cannot use a computer in the same way a normal people can. For example, persons with disability in hands cannot use a standard keyboard or mouse efficiently. Persons having visual disability cannot benefit from a standard display screen. People having locomotor challenge, visual disability or hearing problem etc. cannot interact with a computer like a normal person. So it is necessary to design the computers, interfacing devices and software interfaces with special features, which can be used by the people with physical challenges.

There are many input/output devices like mouse, keyboard, pointers, and touch screens etc. to improve the human computer interaction. But it is a challenge for the inventors and manufacturers to build such devices for people with physical challenges. One of the major difficulties for the inventors is to visualize the difficulties of a visually impaired person and invent such special devices that would assist them as desired. Similarly it is challenging for the manufacturers to build these special equipments, as there are not enough customers for these products for a commercial viability.

This article analyses different types of visual disabilities, different assistive technologies for different types of visual disabilities, guidelines for developing user interfaces for the visually impaired, software products available for assisting the visually impaired, and Inventions made on such adaptive technologies. The objective is to analyze and explore various assistive technologies for the visually impaired users, and throw some light on the possibility of future improvements of such devices and/or interfaces.

Keywords: TRIZ, Innovation, Inventive Problem Solving, Invention, Software Patents, GUI, Software inventions, Graphical User Interface, GUI design, GUI elements, assistive technologies, adaptive interfaces, speech recognition, VRS, Visual disabilities, Karaoke, speech synthesis, Braille,

Mishra, Umakant, Evolution of User Interfaces for the Visually Impaired (May 1, 2014). Available at SSRN:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2431689

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262116475_Evolution_of_User_Interfaces_for_the_Visually_Impaired

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/125

Methods of Implementing Sustainable Development

While economic growth, industrialization and urbanization are generally perceived as development they are unsustainable as long as they are not completely in harmony with the social and environmental conditions. Hence the focus is not moving from economic growth sustainable economic growth, business to sustainable business and urbanization to sustainable urbanization etc. The term “sustainable” adds social and environmental obligations and opportunities in order to build healthy ecosystems and strong communities.

Sustainability gives high importance to natural resources and ecological functions because they cannot be replaced by any manmade substitutes. Man made resources can support it or replace to some extent but not completely. Hence the first and foremost objectives of sustainability are to preserve the natural resources and make no further damage to the environment. While it is not possible to attain “total sustainability” or sustainability from all aspects it still remains as an ideal objective.

One of the key implementation is by using the solar energy. Solar energy is free, renewable and causes no pollution. Solar energy is encouraged everywhere whether in sustainable urbanization or sustainable buildings or sustainable transportation. However, many technologies are yet to come regarding utilization of solar energy for various purposes like lighting, heating, cooling, running vehicles and other purposes. The future will see more and more sustainability programs in every organization and in every sector. 

Is Anti-Virus a Necessary Evil? Using TRIZ Ideality and Contradictions to find out what is Necessary and what is Evil

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

While everybody is becoming more and more dependent on computers there are some unscrupulous people who continuously try to misuse the technology and get illegal and illegitimate benefit out of this sophisticated environment. Today the Internet is like a busy street or open market place where you find almost everything you want. As there are some obvious risks when you stand or move in a busy street such as you are likely to be pick pocketed or cheated or even knocked out by a rash driving vehicle. Similar threats loom over the head of a user when he is exposed to the Internet. There are viruses, malware, spyware, spam, hackers and other malefic forces who not only damage the computer system of innocent computer users but also do more dangerous things like stealing their confidential data or stealing their identity to make bank transactions on their behalf.

An anti-virus program is generally considered as a remedy to all the above problems. The anti-virus program (including anti-spyware, internet guard etc.) not only detects the malware in your system but also guards the computer system from external attacks while you are surfing the Internet. It is supposed to detect if a spyware is stealing your passwords or a hacker is making an inward connection to squeeze your PC. But is the current age anti-virus program really giving a remedy to all these problems? Many people think that an anti-virus program along with its siblings like anti-spyware, anti-adware, internet guard etc. create a lot of burden on the user. While the computer users cannot afford to avoid using anti-virus programs most user feel it as a necessary evil.

Keywords: Software Innovation, computer virus, anti-virus, anti-virus software, computer vulnerability, computer security, anti-virus design, inoculation, virus scanning, virus detection, viral attacks, virus database, virus problems, anti-virus problems

This paper was first published in the TRIZ featured Articles of Altshuller Institute of TRIZ studies (USA) during Aug 2013, currently available on the web at http://www.aitriz.org/triz-articles/triz-features/628-anti-virus.

Mishra, Umakant, Is Anti-Virus a Necessary Evil? (May 8, 2014).  Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2434470

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/124

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262116257_Is_Anti-Virus_a_Necessary_Evil_Using_TRIZ_Ideality_and_Contradictions_to_find_out_what_is_Necessary_and_what_is_Evil

Critical Considerations for Developing MIS for NGOs

Author: Kailash Chandra Dash and Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

Although Information Systems and Information Technology (IS & IT) has become a major driving force for many of the current day organizations, the NGOs have not been able to utilize the benefits up to a satisfactory level. Most organizations use standard office tools to manage huge amount for field data and never feel the need for a central repository of data. While many people argue that an NGO should not spend too much money on information management, it is a fact that organizing the information requires more of a mindset and an organized behavior than a huge financial investment.

Keywords: NGO, Voluntary Organization, Non profit Organization, MIS, Management Information Systems,

Dash, Kailash Chandra and Mishra, Umakant, Critical Considerations for Developing MIS for NGOs (March 26, 2014). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2416294 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2416294

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2416294

http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.7344

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261098284_Critical_Considerations_for_Developing_MIS_for_NGOs

http://viXra.org/abs/1403.0940

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/123

Understanding Secrets of Sustainability through TRIZ Philosophy

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

After creating the weapons that can destroy the world, the next challenge of man is not to win an enemy but to survive the disasters. The modern man realizes that the worst challenges to face are the manmade disasters. While the nature has given us a well-disposed atmosphere to grow we are spoiling the natural resources through various anti-environmental activities. Our partial knowledge on development has taken us through a so-called development, which is neither eco-friendly nor sustainable. It is therefore important to control our own activities and behavior to minimize their negative effects on other adjacent systems and environment.

Any system or process or practice can become unsustainable because of internal conflicts or contradictions. Gain of one group of people causes trouble to another group of people (say, by unfair trading). Improvement in transportation (say, running of vehicles) pollutes air and environment. Growth of urbanization causes deforestation and global warming. It is necessary to overcome these contradictions to achieve sustainability.

The concept of sustainability is very similar to TRIZ concept of Ideality. An ideal or sustainable system should have all desired (positive) features and no harmful (negative) features. A sustainable system is ideal and an ideal system is sustainable. Both the concepts can be applied to anything, such as, a product, a process, a practice, a structure, a system or an organization. 

Keywords:

Economic sustainability, Environmental Sustainability, Total Sustainability, TRIZ for Society, Co-systems, Super-system, Subsystems, Contradiction, Ideality, Ideal Final Result (IFR), Solving Contradictions

Umakant Mishra, Understanding Secrets of Sustainability Through TRIZ Philosophy (April 7, 2014). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2421392 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2421392

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/122

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262104418_Understanding_Secrets_of_Sustainability_through_TRIZ_Philosophy

Designing an MIS Database for Selection and Recruitment

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

Selection and recruitment is a key HR function and it is often necessary to maintain at least a small database of all the candidates who have been invited in past interviews. This information may be considered as a part of HR MIS and may be maintained by HR department along with other HR MIS such as employee information, transfers, performance appraisals, trainings etc.

This recruitment MIS database includes all the candidates after the preliminary scrutiny is over. When the candidates go through different stages of interviews, the MIS also captures all their interview results. Maintaining this information not only helps the HR manager but also helps other senior managers to find the short listed/ interviewed candidates quickly from the database.

As this MIS data contains confidential information, such as, salary negotiations etc., the access to this data should be restricted only to few senior managers. The MIS administrator may assign read/write access to different data/reports based on the role and responsibility of the manger in the organization.

Keywords: information systems, management information system, MIS database, recruitment database, employee database, database design, database structure, software design, MIS design

Mishra, Umakant, Designing an MIS Database for Selection and Recruitment (September 13, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2325533 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2325533

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2325533

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/121

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262103972_Designing_an_MIS_database_for_selection_and_recruitment

How to Implement Access Rights in an MIS Project

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

The MIS data is critical to an organization and should be protected from misuse by wrong persons. Although The MIS data is typically meant for the senior managers each MIS report may not be required by every manager. The access to MIS data is determined by the role of an individual in the organization and controlled by the MIS administrator accordingly. The access is generally determined by the following parameters, (a) the type of user (such as staff or manager etc.), (b) the type of data (whether general data or managerial data), (c) level of access (read/ write/ admin access) and (d) special access allocated by MIS admin. By combining all the above four parameters, each individual user can be allocated exact specific rights required to access the MIS.

Keywords: information systems, management information system, computer security, data security, access rights, MIS security, data protection, access level

Mishra, Umakant, How to Implement Access Rights in an MIS Project (August 24, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2315570 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2315570

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2315570

http://arxiv.org/abs/1309.5393

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/120

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256926173_How_to_Implement_Access_Rights_in_an_MIS_Project

Simplifying Inventive Standards (Part-5)

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

As the “inventive standards” are really complicated, Generich Altshuller and other creators of “inventive standards” created a set of standards (grouped under class-5) to help using the standards. There are totally 17 standards in class-5. This article will try to simplify all these 17 standards under class-5.

While writing these articles the author realized that although the grouping and ordering of the 76 standards don’t appear to be systematic there is no easy method of regrouping or reorganizing the standards. The author tried regrouping and reordering the standards in various different ways but nothing really came out satisfactory. Much more work is necessary to simplify the 76 standards to make them usable by a larger group of TRIZ practitioners. Till that time the standards will remain only partially used.

Keywords: TRIZ, Inventive Standards, Inventive Solutions, Standard solution, 76 solutions, Inventive problem solving, S-Fields, Su-Fields,

Umakant Mishra, Simplifying TRIZ Inventive Standards (Part-5) (November 7, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2351288 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2351288

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/119

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262103836_Simplifying_Inventive_Standards_(Part-5)

Simplifying Inventive Standards (Part-4)

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

Although “Inventive Standards” (or standard solutions) is one of the most powerful techniques of TRIZ it is hardly used by any TRIZ practitioner because of its complexity. The objective of this series of articles is to explain the rules in simple language. In this article we will discuss all the solutions in class-4. There are 17 solutions in class-4 all of which deal with the problems relating to measurement and detection.  For example some objects may be extremely large (e.g. earth) or extremely small (e.g., atoms) and cannot be easily measured. Some items like germs and viruses are not visible and hence difficult to detect. Similarly measuring various parameters associated with rare phenomena (like earth quakes or plane crashes) are difficult. These standards show various ways to detect and measure even under most difficult situations.

Keywords: TRIZ, Inventive Standards, Inventive Solutions, Standard solution, 76 solutions, Inventive problem solving, S-Fields, Su-Fields,

Mishra, Umakant, Simplifying Inventive Standards (Part-4) (November 7, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2351219 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2351219

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2351219

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/118

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262103501_Simplifying_inventive_standards_(Part-4)

Simplifying inventive standards (Part-3)

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

According to TRIZ most problems are “standard” problems. The standard problems are those which are known to have occurred many times in many places. Besides these problems have been solved by different people in different places (may be in different contexts) at different times. As there are many known solutions to such problems it is possible to abstract the rules of solution from the group of individual solutions. TRIZ provides a set of 76 rules to solve such standard problems.

Although “Inventive Standards” (or standard solutions) is one of the most powerful techniques of TRIZ it is hardly used by any TRIZ practitioner because of its complexity. The objective of this series of articles is to explain the rules in simple language. Conventionally the solutions of Class-3 have never been presented with S-Field diagrams. The diagrams presented in this article are innovation of the author. If some TRIZniks don’t accept the correctness of these diagrams they are welcome to give their comments and suggestions.

Keywords: TRIZ, Inventive Standards, Inventive Solutions, Standard solution, 76 solutions, Inventive problem solving, S-Fields, Su-Fields,

Mishra, Umakant, Simplifying TRIZ Inventive Standards (Part-3) (November 7, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2351201 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2351201

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2351201

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/117

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262103724_Simplifying_inventive_standards_(Part-3)

Simplifying inventive standards (Part-2)

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

In the previous article we discussed all the standard solutions in class-1. In this article we will discuss all the standard solutions in class-2. The standards of class 2 intend to improve the system without inserting too much changes to the system and without increasing the complexity of the system. These standards guide how to use chain SFields, Double SFields and complex S-Field Models.

Keywords: TRIZ, Inventive Standards, Inventive Solutions, Standard solution, 76 solutions, Inventive problem solving, S-Fields, Su-Fields,

Umakant Mishra, Simplifying TRIZ Inventive Standards – Part 2 (October 8, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2337696 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2337696

http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2337696

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/116

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262103403_Simplifying_inventive_standards_(Part-2)

Simplifying inventive standards (Part-1)

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

Although “Inventive Standards” (or standard solutions) is one of the most powerful techniques of TRIZ it is hardly used by any TRIZ practitioner because of its complicacy. This article describes the rules of “inventive standards” in simple language one by one for all the standards of class-I. The standards of other classes will be described in separate articles.

Keywords: TRIZ, Inventive Standards, Inventive Solutions, Standard solution, 76 solutions, Inventive problem solving, S-Fields, Su-Fields,

Umakant Mishra, Simplifying TRIZ Inventive Standards - Part 1 (October 8, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2337692 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2337692

http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2337692

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/115

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262103372_Simplifying_inventive_standards_-_Part1

Management Information Systems Vs. Other Information Systems

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

A Management Information System (MIS) is a systematic organization and presentation of information that is generally required by the management of an organization. In one sense MIS is a part or subset of the Information Management System of an Organization. There are different types of information systems such as, Transaction Processing System (TPS), Decision Support System (DSS), Executive Support System (ESS) etc. having some differences and some overlapping.

MIS is different from DSS as the later uses unstructured data to take non-standard decisions. MIS is different from TPS and the later is used for day-to-day transactions of the organization. Thus the purpose of MIS is to organize and present such information that would help the middle and higher level management for taking better and more effective decisions to increase the productivity of the organization and gain competitive advantage. 

Keywords: information systems, management information system, expert system, MIS, TPS, software development,

Mishra, Umakant, Management Information Systems vs. Other Information Systems (August 12, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2308846 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2308846

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/114

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262103156_Management_Information_Systems_vs._Other_Information_Systems

Introduction to Management Information Systems

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

A Management Information System (MIS) is an information system that is intended to be used by the higher management of an organization. The MIS generally collects summarized data from different departments or subsystems of an organization and presents in a form that is helpful to the management for taking better decisions for the organization.

Keywords: information systems, management information system, expert system, MIS, TPS, software development, software design,

Mishra, Umakant, Introduction to Management Information System (August 8, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2307474 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2307474

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2307474

Umakant Mishra, Introduction to Management Information System, Cornell University Library,  http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.1797 

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/113

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262102671_Introduction_to_Management_Information_Systems

Protecting Anti-virus Programs From Viral Attacks

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

During a fight between viruses and anti-viruses it is not always predictable that the anti-virus is going to win. There are many malicious viruses which target to attack and paralyze the anti-viruses. It is necessary for an anti-virus to detect and destroy the malware before its own files are detected and destroyed by the malware. The anti-virus may follow thorough testing and auditing procedures to fix all its bugs before releasing the software in the market. Besides the anti-virus may use all the obfuscation techniques like polymorphism that the viruses generally use to hide their codes. This article also shows how to use TRIZ Inventive Standards to solve the harmful effects of the viruses on the anti-virus.

Keywords: computer virus, anti-virus, anti-virus software, computer vulnerability, computer security, anti-virus design, anti-virus development, virus scanning, virus detection, signature scanning, integrity checking, heuristic scanning, emulation, software vulnerability, polymorphism, metamorphism, obfuscation

Mishra, Umakant, Protecting Anti-Virus Programs from Viral Attacks (July 24, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2297735 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2297735

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2297735

http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.6354

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/112

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251566861_Protecting_Anti-virus_Programs_From_Viral_Attacks

How do Viruses Attack Anti-Virus Programs

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

As the anti-viruses run in a trusted kernel level any loophole in the anti-virus program can enable attackers to take full control over the computer system and steal data or do serious damages. Hence the anti-virus engines must be developed with proper security in mind. The ant-virus should be able to any type of specially created executable files, compression packages or documents that are intentionally created to exploit the anti-virus’s weakness.

Viruses are present in almost every system even though there are anti-viruses installed.  This is because every anti-virus, however good it may be, leads to some extent of false positives and false negatives. Our faith on the anti-virus system often makes us more careless about hygienic habits which increases the possibility of infection. It is necessary for an anti-virus to detect and destroy the malware before its own files are detected and destroyed by the malware.

Keywords: computer virus, anti-virus, anti-virus software, computer vulnerability, computer security, anti-virus design, anti-virus development, virus scanning, virus detection, signature scanning, integrity checking, heuristic scanning, emulation, activity monitoring, generic scanning, behavior monitoring, resident scanning, virus database, on-access scanning,

Mishra, Umakant, How Do Viruses Attack Anti-Virus Programs (July 20, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2296319 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2296319

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2296319

http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.5420

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/111

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250917847_How_do_Viruses_Attack_Anti-Virus_Programs

Contradictions in Improving Speed of Virus Scanning

Author: Umakant Mishra

Abstract:

Although everything in computing industry moves faster, the processor, memory speed, memory size, storage space etc. there is no improvement in virus scanning time. Although the processing speed has substantially increased, a typical full scanning is still taking several hours for an average computer. There is a serious need to improve the scanning time.

Contradiction is a stage of problem solving where the nature of the actual problem is clearly explained in terms of at least two parameters, one improving and another worsening. While emphasizing one parameter strengthens the system position emphasizing another parameter weakens the system.

In conventional methods a problem solver has to make a perfect balance between these conflicting parameters, where the situation is neither too much on one side nor too much on the other. The results of those methods, although increase the speed of virus scanning, results in disadvantages like load on processor, increase in false positives and compromise on security. The objective of TRIZ is not to accept a tradeoff between the speed of scanning and those other difficulties but to resolve the contradictions so that the speed of scanning increases without compromising with security and other harmful results.

Keywords: Software Innovation, computer virus, anti-virus, anti-virus software, virus removal, computer security, virus scanning, virus detection, fast scanning,

Mishra, Umakant, Contradictions in Improving Speed of Virus Scanning (May 31, 2013). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2272611 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2272611

http://ssrn.com/abstract=2272611

http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.4660

http://works.bepress.com/umakant_mishra/109

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239731971_Contradictions_in_Improving_Speed_of_Virus_Scanning